Cagayan has 28 municipalities and one city divided into three congressional districts. It has 816 barangays. Tuguegarao City (as of December 18, 1999) is the provincial capital, regional seat, and center of business, trade, and education. It has a land area of 144.80 square kilometers and a population of 120,645 as of 2000.
The province is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the east; on the south by Isabela province; on the west by the Cordillera Mountains; and on the north by the Balintang Channel and the Babuyan Group of Islands. About two kilometers from the northeastern tip of the province is the island of Palaui; a few kilometers to the west is Fuga Island. The Babuyan Group of Islands, which includes Calayan, Dalupiri, Camiguin, and Babuyan Claro, is about 60 nautical miles (110 km) north of Luzon mainland.
The province comprises an aggregate land area of 9,002.70 square kilometers, which constitutes three percent of the total land area of the country, making it the second largest province in the region.
National Power Corporation
The National Power Corporation (Filipino: Pambansang Korporasyon sa Elektrisidad), also known as the NPC or Napocor, is a state-owned company that serves as the largest provider and generator of electricity in the Philippines. It is also the principal power provider for Manila Electric, the only power distributor in the Metro Manila area.
The National Power Corporation was created under Commonwealth Act No. 120 approved by President Manuel L. Quezon on November 3, 1936. The law nationalized the hydroelectric industry and reserved for the use of NPC, all streams, lakes and springs in the Philippines where power may be developed, subject to existing rights. The corporation was originally organized as a non- stock public corporation under Commonwealth Act No. 120. In 1960, however, under Republic Act No. 2641, it was converted into a stock corporation, wholly government-owned, with a capitalization of PHP100 million.
The most significant achievement of NPC in 1988 was the signing of a memorandum of agreement with the National Electrification Administration (NEA) for the takeover by NPC of the generation facilities of electrical cooperatives in the remote islands of the archipelago. President Aquino’s directive pegged electricity rates nationwide to no more than PHP2.50 per kilowatt-hour and impelled NPC to take over the electricity production activities of cooperatives in the small islands and isolated areas.
As of April 1991, the NPC has taken over the generation facilities and technical operation of various electric cooperatives of 26 remote islands of the archipelago. Fully supportive of the government’s policy of encouraging private sector investments, the NPC has finalized in 1989 the implementing rules and regulations of Executive Order No.215, which allows private investors to participate in electric power generation through schemes such as Cogeneartion, Build-Operate Transfer (BOT), and Build-Own-Operate (BOO). This directive bolsters the national policy of encouraging active private sector involvement in the major economic activities of the country, recognizing that the private sector can be a partner in nation-building.
The National Power Corporation was created under Commonwealth Act No. 120 approved by President Manuel L. Quezon on November 3, 1936. The law nationalized the hydroelectric industry and reserved for the use of NPC, all streams, lakes and springs in the Philippines where power may be developed, subject to existing rights. The corporation was originally organized as a non- stock public corporation under Commonwealth Act No. 120. In 1960, however, under Republic Act No. 2641, it was converted into a stock corporation, wholly government-owned, with a capitalization of PHP100 million.
The most significant achievement of NPC in 1988 was the signing of a memorandum of agreement with the National Electrification Administration (NEA) for the takeover by NPC of the generation facilities of electrical cooperatives in the remote islands of the archipelago. President Aquino’s directive pegged electricity rates nationwide to no more than PHP2.50 per kilowatt-hour and impelled NPC to take over the electricity production activities of cooperatives in the small islands and isolated areas.
As of April 1991, the NPC has taken over the generation facilities and technical operation of various electric cooperatives of 26 remote islands of the archipelago. Fully supportive of the government’s policy of encouraging private sector investments, the NPC has finalized in 1989 the implementing rules and regulations of Executive Order No.215, which allows private investors to participate in electric power generation through schemes such as Cogeneartion, Build-Operate Transfer (BOT), and Build-Own-Operate (BOO). This directive bolsters the national policy of encouraging active private sector involvement in the major economic activities of the country, recognizing that the private sector can be a partner in nation-building.
Guiuan, Eastern Samar
Guiuan is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. As of year 2004, it has a population of 43,647 people in 7,618 households.
Guiuan is a significant part of the Philippine history. In the 16th century, when Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Philippines, it is believed that he first landed on the island of Homonhon. It is probably because of this fact that the majority of the population of the town are devout Catholics and the town's church, the Church of the Immaculate Conception, is one of the oldest in the country.
Guiuan is widely known for two significant events in history 423 years apart. In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan first set foot on Philippine soil in Homonhon on his way to discover the Philippines for the Western World. In 1944, the American Forces landed on the island of Suluan where they fought their first battle in the Philippine territory three days before Gen. Mac Arthur stormed the beaches of Leyte.
The name of the town originated from its geographical location. The first settlers named the town “Guibang” when they discovered a sharp break in the mountain range (Tenigbang – partly chiseled off) which screens the town from the Pacific Ocean in the East. Subsequently, settlers modified its name to Guiuan.
The municipality of Guiuan is located atthe southernmost tip of Samar Island. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Mercedes, on the eastby the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Surigao Strait, and on the west by the Leyte Gulf.
Clustered around the municipality are numerous islandsand islets, like Tubabao, Calicoan, Sulangan, Homonhonand Suluan.
Guiuan is 109 kilometers south of Borongan and 154kilometers from Tacloban. It has a total land area of 175.49 square kilometers. It is composed of sixty (60) barangays and the only town in the province withbiggest number of island barangays.
Guiuan’s airport has a 2.8 km. runway which could service light private planes, chartered cargo and military planes. It also has a municipal and national seaport operational throughout the year. Telephone companies operating in the municipality includes TELECOM, Globelines and Bayantel. Smart and Globe cellular phone companies are also operational.
In 2004, Eastern Samar Electric Cooperative (ESAMELCO) was able to energize Guiuan, Calicoan Island up to Sulangan covering 37 out of 60 barangays. Island barangays are served with electricity through generator sets either privately-owned or operated by the barangay council.
Guiuan is a significant part of the Philippine history. In the 16th century, when Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Philippines, it is believed that he first landed on the island of Homonhon. It is probably because of this fact that the majority of the population of the town are devout Catholics and the town's church, the Church of the Immaculate Conception, is one of the oldest in the country.
Guiuan is widely known for two significant events in history 423 years apart. In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan first set foot on Philippine soil in Homonhon on his way to discover the Philippines for the Western World. In 1944, the American Forces landed on the island of Suluan where they fought their first battle in the Philippine territory three days before Gen. Mac Arthur stormed the beaches of Leyte.
The name of the town originated from its geographical location. The first settlers named the town “Guibang” when they discovered a sharp break in the mountain range (Tenigbang – partly chiseled off) which screens the town from the Pacific Ocean in the East. Subsequently, settlers modified its name to Guiuan.
The municipality of Guiuan is located atthe southernmost tip of Samar Island. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Mercedes, on the eastby the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Surigao Strait, and on the west by the Leyte Gulf.
Clustered around the municipality are numerous islandsand islets, like Tubabao, Calicoan, Sulangan, Homonhonand Suluan.
Guiuan is 109 kilometers south of Borongan and 154kilometers from Tacloban. It has a total land area of 175.49 square kilometers. It is composed of sixty (60) barangays and the only town in the province withbiggest number of island barangays.
Guiuan’s airport has a 2.8 km. runway which could service light private planes, chartered cargo and military planes. It also has a municipal and national seaport operational throughout the year. Telephone companies operating in the municipality includes TELECOM, Globelines and Bayantel. Smart and Globe cellular phone companies are also operational.
In 2004, Eastern Samar Electric Cooperative (ESAMELCO) was able to energize Guiuan, Calicoan Island up to Sulangan covering 37 out of 60 barangays. Island barangays are served with electricity through generator sets either privately-owned or operated by the barangay council.
Valencia, Negros Oriental
Valencia is a municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. It is located 9.4 km west of Dumaguete, the largest city and capital of the province. According to the national 2000 census, Valencia has a population of 24,365 people in 4,860 households.
The mayor of Valencia is Rodolfo Gonzalez, Jr., who was elected in 2001 and re-elected in 2004.
Our Lady of the Abandoned is the patroness of Valencia, and her feast day is celebrated annually every October 12 with the town fiesta. The fiesta is an official non-working holiday for the town.
Santa Catalina is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 67,197 people in 13,125 households.
Vallehermoso is a 4th class municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 33,914 people in 6,753 households.
Zamboanguita is a 4th class municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 23,338 people in 4,691 households.
The mayor of Valencia is Rodolfo Gonzalez, Jr., who was elected in 2001 and re-elected in 2004.
Our Lady of the Abandoned is the patroness of Valencia, and her feast day is celebrated annually every October 12 with the town fiesta. The fiesta is an official non-working holiday for the town.
Santa Catalina is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 67,197 people in 13,125 households.
Vallehermoso is a 4th class municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 33,914 people in 6,753 households.
Zamboanguita is a 4th class municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 23,338 people in 4,691 households.
Ilokano literature
Ilokano literature or Iloko literature pertains to the literary works of writers of Ilocano ancestry regardless of the language used - be it Iloko, English, Spanish or other foreign and Philippine languages. The terms "Iloko" and "Ilokano" are different. Generally, "Iloko" is the language while "Ilokano" refers to the people or the ethnicity of the people who speak the Iloko language.
Ilokano literature in the Philippines is one of several regional literatures that include Tagalog, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, and Pangasinense literatures. It is one of the most active tributaries to the general Philippine literature, next to Tagalog (Filipino) and Philippine Literature in English.
Ilokano writers have also published their works in foreign countries. One of the most popular authors of Ilocano ancestry abroad was the late Carlos Bulosan, a California immigrant born to Ilokano parents in Pangasinan. And currently, the most internationally translated Filipino author is an Ilokano from Rosales, Pangasinan--Francisco Sionil Jose, popularly known as F. Sionil Jose. He is famous for his Rosales saga, a five-novel work about an Ilokano clan, virtually documenting Philippine history from Spanish time to the years of the Marcos administration. The novels, translated in about 22 languages, are circulated and read around the world.
Back home, many Iloko writers have won major prizes in the annual Palanca Awards, the most prestigious and most anticipated of all literary contests in the Philippines. These famous winners' names include Reynaldo A. Duque, Ricarte Agnes, Aurelio S. Agcaoili, Lorenzo G. Tabin, Jaime M. Agpalo Jr., Prescillano N. Bermudez, William V. Alvarado, Maria Fres-Felix, Clarito G. Francia, Arnold Pascual Jose, Eden Aquino Alviar, Severino Pablo, Ariel S. Tabag, Daniel L. Nesperos, Roy V. Aragon, Danilo Antalan, Joel B. Manuel and others.
Ilokano literature in the Philippines is one of several regional literatures that include Tagalog, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, and Pangasinense literatures. It is one of the most active tributaries to the general Philippine literature, next to Tagalog (Filipino) and Philippine Literature in English.
Ilokano writers have also published their works in foreign countries. One of the most popular authors of Ilocano ancestry abroad was the late Carlos Bulosan, a California immigrant born to Ilokano parents in Pangasinan. And currently, the most internationally translated Filipino author is an Ilokano from Rosales, Pangasinan--Francisco Sionil Jose, popularly known as F. Sionil Jose. He is famous for his Rosales saga, a five-novel work about an Ilokano clan, virtually documenting Philippine history from Spanish time to the years of the Marcos administration. The novels, translated in about 22 languages, are circulated and read around the world.
Back home, many Iloko writers have won major prizes in the annual Palanca Awards, the most prestigious and most anticipated of all literary contests in the Philippines. These famous winners' names include Reynaldo A. Duque, Ricarte Agnes, Aurelio S. Agcaoili, Lorenzo G. Tabin, Jaime M. Agpalo Jr., Prescillano N. Bermudez, William V. Alvarado, Maria Fres-Felix, Clarito G. Francia, Arnold Pascual Jose, Eden Aquino Alviar, Severino Pablo, Ariel S. Tabag, Daniel L. Nesperos, Roy V. Aragon, Danilo Antalan, Joel B. Manuel and others.
Cagayan de Oro Attractions
Shopping
Limketkai Center - the biggest in the Mindanao region
SM City Cagayan de Oro - located along Pueblo de Oro Estates
Robinsons Cagayan de Oro - within the Limketkai Center
Gaisano Mall - located along C.M. Recto Avenue
Night Market - every Friday and Saturday evening, the streets of Plaza Divisoria are filled with stalls selling bags, shoes and other trinkets
Cagayan Delicacies
Jamon Cagayan de Oro (pork ham) sold by Slers, Oroham and Pines
Chicharon (pork rind/skin) sold by Slers
Felys Homemade Cheese Sticks
Felys Homemade Assorted Flavored Peanuts
Cashew nuts from Lumba district
Eat
Cafe Laguna, Robinsons Mall. A fine dining restaurant serving Filipino cuisine.
Vienna Kaffehaus. A fine dining restaurant located along Chaves corner A. Velez Street.
Kagayanon Restaurant, Limketkai Center. Serves Filipino cuisine and ostrich meat.
Night Cafe. Every Friday and Saturday evening the streets of Plaza Divisoria are filled with stalls selling grilled food.
Inilog Grill. Popular for its grilled food and unlimited rice servings.
Country Side Steakhouse, next to Kagayanon in Rosario Plaze at Limketkai Center. American style food, reasonable prices, generous servings, steaks cooked perfectly.
Coffee
Night Cafe - every Friday and Saturday evening the streets of Plaza Divisoria are filled with stalls selling grilled food.
Bo's Coffee, A. Velez Street. Cebu based coffee shop.
Taza, Limketkai Center. locally owned coffee shop.
Bars
The Site, Rosario Strip, Limketkai Center. Popular among young yuppies.
M2 Family KTV Bar, Rosario Strip, Limketkai Center. A popular place for Karaoke lovers.
Pulse - formerly Xcite, it is located in front of Dynasty Court Hotel.
Ralphs Sports Bar, adjacent to Pulse, it has several billiard pools.
Navigator Gay Bar, corner of Osmeña and Florentino Street.
Tubby's Gay Bar,.
Spooks KTV Bar, C. Pacana Street, in between Tiano and Velez Street.
Kamugawa KTV and Restaurant, Capistrano Street.
Pyramid Bar, Kauswagan Highway, near RER Subdivision.
Fu - Club and Bar, Corrales cor J. Ebarle Sts. House Music, known for bringing in the best DJs in the country and the first European DJ to play in CDO.
Zaks Retro Bar Velez Street.
Splurge
Pryce Plaza Hotel, Carmen Hill.
Hotel Koresco[18], Pueblo de Oro Golf Estate, Lumbia.
Mallberry Suites Hotel, Florentino Street, Limketkai Center.
Dynasty Court Hotel, Archbishop Hayes corner Tiano Bros. Street.
VIP Hotel, A. Velez corner C. Pacana Street.
MARCO Hotel[19], Alwana Business Park, Cugman.
Chali Beach Resort and Conference Center, Zone 3, Cugman.
Limketkai Center - the biggest in the Mindanao region
SM City Cagayan de Oro - located along Pueblo de Oro Estates
Robinsons Cagayan de Oro - within the Limketkai Center
Gaisano Mall - located along C.M. Recto Avenue
Night Market - every Friday and Saturday evening, the streets of Plaza Divisoria are filled with stalls selling bags, shoes and other trinkets
Cagayan Delicacies
Jamon Cagayan de Oro (pork ham) sold by Slers, Oroham and Pines
Chicharon (pork rind/skin) sold by Slers
Felys Homemade Cheese Sticks
Felys Homemade Assorted Flavored Peanuts
Cashew nuts from Lumba district
Eat
Cafe Laguna, Robinsons Mall. A fine dining restaurant serving Filipino cuisine.
Vienna Kaffehaus. A fine dining restaurant located along Chaves corner A. Velez Street.
Kagayanon Restaurant, Limketkai Center. Serves Filipino cuisine and ostrich meat.
Night Cafe. Every Friday and Saturday evening the streets of Plaza Divisoria are filled with stalls selling grilled food.
Inilog Grill. Popular for its grilled food and unlimited rice servings.
Country Side Steakhouse, next to Kagayanon in Rosario Plaze at Limketkai Center. American style food, reasonable prices, generous servings, steaks cooked perfectly.
Coffee
Night Cafe - every Friday and Saturday evening the streets of Plaza Divisoria are filled with stalls selling grilled food.
Bo's Coffee, A. Velez Street. Cebu based coffee shop.
Taza, Limketkai Center. locally owned coffee shop.
Bars
The Site, Rosario Strip, Limketkai Center. Popular among young yuppies.
M2 Family KTV Bar, Rosario Strip, Limketkai Center. A popular place for Karaoke lovers.
Pulse - formerly Xcite, it is located in front of Dynasty Court Hotel.
Ralphs Sports Bar, adjacent to Pulse, it has several billiard pools.
Navigator Gay Bar, corner of Osmeña and Florentino Street.
Tubby's Gay Bar,.
Spooks KTV Bar, C. Pacana Street, in between Tiano and Velez Street.
Kamugawa KTV and Restaurant, Capistrano Street.
Pyramid Bar, Kauswagan Highway, near RER Subdivision.
Fu - Club and Bar, Corrales cor J. Ebarle Sts. House Music, known for bringing in the best DJs in the country and the first European DJ to play in CDO.
Zaks Retro Bar Velez Street.
Splurge
Pryce Plaza Hotel, Carmen Hill.
Hotel Koresco[18], Pueblo de Oro Golf Estate, Lumbia.
Mallberry Suites Hotel, Florentino Street, Limketkai Center.
Dynasty Court Hotel, Archbishop Hayes corner Tiano Bros. Street.
VIP Hotel, A. Velez corner C. Pacana Street.
MARCO Hotel[19], Alwana Business Park, Cugman.
Chali Beach Resort and Conference Center, Zone 3, Cugman.
Baybayin or Alibata
Baybayin or Alibata (known in Unicode as the Tagalog script) is a pre-Hispanic Philippine writing system that originated from the Javanese script Old Kawi. The writing system is a member of the Brahmic family (and an offshoot of the Vatteluttu alphabet) and is believed to be in use as early as the 14th century. It continued to be in use during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines up until the late 19th Century. The term baybayin literally means syllables. Closely related scripts are Hanunóo, Buhid, and Tagbanwa.
Filipino people
Filipinos are the citizens of the Philippines, located in Southeast Asia. The term (feminine: Filipina) may also refer to people of Philippine descent, regardless of citizenship (i.e. Chinese Filipinos, Filipino Americans, British Filipinos, Canadians of Filipino descent, etc.).
Some genetic studies, based upon very small samples of the population, have begun to provide clues to the origins of Filipino peoples. Much remains to be learned by larger studies of valid statistical significance about the ancestry of the various Austronesian Philippine ethnic groups.
A Stanford University study conducted during 2001 revealed that Y-chromosome Haplogroup O3-M122 (labeled as "Haplogroup L" in this study) predominates among Filipino males. This particular haplogroup is also predominant among Chinese and Korean males. That finding is consistent with the theory that people migrated from China south into the Philippines.
Filipino culture is primarily based on the cultures of various native tribes, plus influences from Spain and Mexico, as well as China and India. The customs and traditions of the Roman Catholic faith are Spain's lasting legacy. As Christianity is syncretic, Filipinos incorporated tribal traditions through time and created their own form of religious practice.
Unlike its Muslim majority neighbors, Malaysia and Indonesia, the Philippines is an overwhelmingly Christian country. As a result of Spanish colonization and evangelization spanning three centuries, most contemporary Filipinos, regardless of native ethnic group, are Christians. More than 83% are Roman Catholic, and others follow various smaller Christian denominations.
Some genetic studies, based upon very small samples of the population, have begun to provide clues to the origins of Filipino peoples. Much remains to be learned by larger studies of valid statistical significance about the ancestry of the various Austronesian Philippine ethnic groups.
A Stanford University study conducted during 2001 revealed that Y-chromosome Haplogroup O3-M122 (labeled as "Haplogroup L" in this study) predominates among Filipino males. This particular haplogroup is also predominant among Chinese and Korean males. That finding is consistent with the theory that people migrated from China south into the Philippines.
Filipino culture is primarily based on the cultures of various native tribes, plus influences from Spain and Mexico, as well as China and India. The customs and traditions of the Roman Catholic faith are Spain's lasting legacy. As Christianity is syncretic, Filipinos incorporated tribal traditions through time and created their own form of religious practice.
Unlike its Muslim majority neighbors, Malaysia and Indonesia, the Philippines is an overwhelmingly Christian country. As a result of Spanish colonization and evangelization spanning three centuries, most contemporary Filipinos, regardless of native ethnic group, are Christians. More than 83% are Roman Catholic, and others follow various smaller Christian denominations.
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Alibata
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
General Tinio is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 35,352 people in 6,878 households. The town is at the foot of the Sierra Mountain Ridges and adjoining the Fort Magsaysay Army Reservation on the eastside. The municipalities of San Miguel, Bulacan, Peñaranda and San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija.
Papaya was a sitio of Bo. Mapisong which was then a barrio of Gapan, Nueva Ecija (now Gapan City). Bo. Mapisong became a town in 1851 changing its name to Peñaranda after a Spanish engineer Jose Maria Peñaranda. Papaya became one of its barangays. Papaya became a town on January 1, 1921 through the collaborative efforts of Capitan Mamerto Padolina who was then the Secretary of the Governor of the Province, Judge Segundo Bernardo and Francisco Padolina.
On August 19, 1957, Congressman Celestino Juan sponsored a congressional act changing the name of Papaya to General Tinio in honor of General Manuel Tinio, a noble and prominent revolutionary leader against the Spaniards known as Magiting. General Tinio hailed from the Province of Nueva Ecija.
According to the story passed on from one generation to another, the town got its name because of miscommunication between the natives and the Spanish colonizers. A native settler when asked by a Spanish soldier "Llama el pueblo?" kindly replied "Papaya" referring to the particular fruit tree growing abundantly in the place (not understanding the Spanish language). The name stuck to the Spanish colonizers and the place from then on was called "PAPAYA".
Papaya was a sitio of Bo. Mapisong which was then a barrio of Gapan, Nueva Ecija (now Gapan City). Bo. Mapisong became a town in 1851 changing its name to Peñaranda after a Spanish engineer Jose Maria Peñaranda. Papaya became one of its barangays. Papaya became a town on January 1, 1921 through the collaborative efforts of Capitan Mamerto Padolina who was then the Secretary of the Governor of the Province, Judge Segundo Bernardo and Francisco Padolina.
On August 19, 1957, Congressman Celestino Juan sponsored a congressional act changing the name of Papaya to General Tinio in honor of General Manuel Tinio, a noble and prominent revolutionary leader against the Spaniards known as Magiting. General Tinio hailed from the Province of Nueva Ecija.
According to the story passed on from one generation to another, the town got its name because of miscommunication between the natives and the Spanish colonizers. A native settler when asked by a Spanish soldier "Llama el pueblo?" kindly replied "Papaya" referring to the particular fruit tree growing abundantly in the place (not understanding the Spanish language). The name stuck to the Spanish colonizers and the place from then on was called "PAPAYA".
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Alibata
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